An adenoma may be defined as a growth which occurs collectively from various glands inside our body. They can grow from the various organs like the colon, pituitary gland, thyroid gland etc. thus, the thyroid adenoma is the benign growth which takes place from the thyroid gland in our body which is located inside the neck. Although the thyroid adenoma is not malignant in nature but if not taken care of treated properly it may become malignant in nature and may also lead to the formation of the thyroid cancer. The thyroid adenoma although is non cancerous but may cause serious health problems by compressing the vocal cords or by producing the thyroid hormone in a large quantity. Most of the benign tumors of thyroid gland or the thyroid adenoma arise from the follicular epithelial tissues and they are most of the times referred to as the follicular adenomas.

The thyroid adenoma usually appear in the form of nodules which have a diameter even less than 4 cm but still they are clearly visible from the surrounding substance of the thyroid gland. It has been observed that the adenomas are present but their numbers not exceeding two to three. There have been observed facts about thyroid adenoma clinically that:

• They are responsible for causing the pressure like symptoms in the neck as the thyroid gland is located inside the neck.
• They are like hemorrhages which are rapidly enlarged and they are also painful after a certain stage.
• They cause hyperthyroidism.
• Their treatment is done with the radioactive iodine and after that they appear as hot nodules.

It has been observed that the thyroid adenoma is clinically silent but in some cases they may also appear to be functional tumors which tend to produce the thyroid hormone in excess. And this condition gives rise to the disease of hyperthyroidism and such an adenoma may be referred to as the toxic thyroid adenoma. This adenoma is made to pass through the various pathological examinations which may differentiate between the natures of the adenoma. In some cases, it becomes difficult to differentiate between the adenoma and the multinodular goiter’s nodule.

The procedure for the removal of the thyroid adenoma is surgery and care should be taken that it doesn’t turn malignant thus causing thyroid cancer.