Thyroid gland which is situated in the front of the neck is in the shape of a butterfly. The basic function of this gland inside our body is to produce the thyroid hormone or the hormones containing iodine which are responsible for the regulating the rate at which the cells of our body use the energy and also liberate the heat energy.

The thyroid hormone so produced by the thyroid gland in our body is of the following type:

• T3 (triiodothyronin)
• T4 (thyroxin)

Formation of the thyroid hormone:

The formation of the thyroid hormone starts in the brain in the hypothalamus. It is responsible for releasing the thyrotropin-releasing hormone or TRH. This TRH travels the other parts of the brain like pituitary gland and which further is responsible for the release of the thyroid stimulating hormone or the TSH inside the blood .When the TSH travels towards the thyroid gland, which in turn stimulates the gland to produce the thyroid hormone i.e. T3 and T4.the other important factor for the formation of these hormones is a sufficient amount of iodine in the blood which can be obtained from the diet we intake.

Regulatory action for the thyroid hormone production:

In order to maintain a balance between the amounts of the thyroid hormone produced, the pituitary gland checks the amount of the hormone produced in the blood and accordingly adjusts to the hormone production. if there is excess amount of the hormone produced or in case the hormone so produced has a lesser quantity then a feedback acts which in some way or the other keeps a check on the fact that normal and required quantity of the thyroid hormone is produced inside the blood. for instance, , if there is tan excessive amount of the hormone then, the TRH and TSH amounts are reduced in the blood stream.

Information about the thyroid hormone:

T3 (triiodothyronin):

• It is basically produced from the T4 and is a metabolically active hormone.
• They have specific protein on the surface of the cell membrane for their transportation.
• The receptors are bound to elements in the gene promotion and enable activation as well as inhibition.
• Also the tissues are sensitive to the T3 hormone.
• The molecules of the body which are affected by the R3 are the proteins, glucose, lipids etc.

T4 (thyroxine):

• It is formed due to secretions of the follicles of the thyroid gland.
• It Controls metabolic processes and physical development in the body.
• It is involved in the transportation of the proteins inside the body.

The thyroid hormone plays an important role in the metabolic activities of the body and also the growth and development of all the tissues inside the body .if in case the thyroid gland is hypoactive or hyperactive then it results in health disorders related to the same.